Author
Related Institution
Pharmacy Department/School of Health Care Professions - University of San Carlos
Publication Information
Publication Type
Thesis/Dissertations
Publication Date
April 2018
Abstract
Sesuvium portulacastrum Linn (1753) plant extracts were subjected to a toxicity screening. Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay and Allium cepa Chromosome Aberration Assay was conducted to assess the plant's toxicity. In addition, a phytochemical screening was also conducted to determine the presence of secondary metabolites.
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay showed that the plant extract was toxic. At 36mg/mL and 60mg/mL concentration, the extract from maceration proved to be the most toxic, with the LC50 of 10.60mg/mL. The least toxic was the extract from decoction at 42mg/mL with the LC50 of 92.99mg/mL. Allium cepa Chromosome Aberration Assay showed that the plant extract possess genotoxic activity as demonstrated by the presence of bridges, fragments, laggards and vagrants. It also showed that the plant extract was able to inhibit root growth. The plant extract from maceration showed the greatest inhibitory effect. At 60mg/mL concentration, the plant extract was able to inhibit 100%, had the most number of aberrations and had the least number of dividing cells.
The phytochemical screening conducted revealed the presence of the constituents of the plant extract. The extract from decoction tested positive for reducing sugar, saponin and resin. The extract from maceration tested positive for reducing sugar, saponin and tannins. The general toxicity of the plant extract can be attributed to the presence of these secondary metabolites.
References
1. Al-Azzawi, Amad , Alguboori, Alyaa , Hachim, Mahmoudy , Najat, M , Al Shaimaa, A , Sad, Maryam . "Preliminary phytochemical and antibacterial screening of Sesuvium portulacastrum in the United Arab Emirates"
Pharmacognosy Research 4(4): 219, 2012. Retrieved from:
http://www.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.102269
2. Kumar , Arun , Kumari, Pingal , Thirugnanasambandan, S . "Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) Analysis of Bioactive Components of the Methanol Extract of Halophyte, Sesuvium portulacastrum L" International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry 3(3): 766-772, June 2014-September 2014
3. Bosio, Solange , Dail Laughinghouse I, Haywood . "Bioindicator of Genotoxicity: The Allium cepa Test"
Environmental Contamination , 2013. Retrieved from:
http://www.doi.org/10.5772/31371
4. Firbas, Peter . "Allium Chromosome Aberration Test for Evaluation Effect of Cleaning Municipal Water with Constructed Wetland (CW) in Sveti Tomaz, Slovenia"
Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation 4(4): 2013. Retrieved from:
http://http;//www.doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000189
7. Hamidi, Mentor R, Jovanova, Blagica , Panovska, Tatjana Kadifkova . " Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1st ser." 60(1409-8695): 9-18, April 2014
8. Hu, Jing S, Gelman, Dale B, Salvucci, Michael E, Chen, Yan P, Blackburn, Michael B. "Insecticidal Activity of Some Reducing Sugars Against the Sweet Potato Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, Biotype B"
Journal of Insect Science , 2010. Retrieved from:
http://https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3029359/
9. Khanna, Namita , Sharma, Sonia . "Allium Cepa Root Chromosomal Aberration Assay: A Review" Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 1(3): 105-19, September 2013
10. Daniela Morais, Leme , Marin-Morales, Maria Aparecida . "Allium cepa test in environmental monitoring: A reviewon its application"
Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research 1, 71-81, 2009. Retrieved from:
http://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2009.06.002
11. Magwa, Michael L, Gundidza, Mazuru , Gweru, Nyasha , Humphrey, Godfred . "Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from the leaves of Sesuvium portulacastrum" Journal of Ethnopharmacology 103(1): 85-89, 2006
12. Manbir Kaur, Nitika . "Review of Sea Puslane" Journal of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry 3(5): 22-24, December 2014
13. Rank, J , Nielsen, M.h. . "Genotoxicity testing of wastewater sludge using the Allium cepa anaphase-telohase chromosome aberration assay"
Mutation Research/GeneticToxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 418(2-3): 113-19, 1999. Retrieved from:
http://www.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5718(98)00118-1
15. Sheela, D , Udhayakumari, F . "Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.whole plant Methanolic Extract against CC14-Induced Liver Injury in Rats" Journal of Science 4(3): 156-61, 2014
16. Suganthy, Natarajan , Pandian, Shanmugiahthevar Kar , Devi, Kasi Pandima . "Cholinesterase inhibitory effects of Rhizophora lamarckii, Avicennia officinalis, Sesuvium portulacastrum and Suaeda monica: Mangroves inhabiting an Indian coastal area (Vellar Estuary)"
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 24, 702-07, 2008. Retrieved from:
http://www.doi.org/10.1080/14756360802334719
17. Trivedi, A K , Ahmad, I . "Genotoxicity of Chrysotile asbestos on Allium cepa L. meristematic root tip cells" Current Science 105(6): September 2013
18. Jefferson, Dy , So, Jan . Cytotoxic Activity of Sea Urchin Embryos and Genotoxic Activity on onion roottips of Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia Hemprichi Crude Extracts. (BS) University of San Carlos,
19. Rumsey, Deborah J. Statistics for dummies. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
21. Singh, Dileep K. Pesticide chemistry and toxicology United Arab Emirates: Bentham Books, 2012.
22. Tyler, V E. Pharmacognosy. 9th Edition Philadephia: Lea & Febiger, 1988. 4.
23. (). Dampalit, Sesuvium portulacastrum Linn, Shoreline Seapurslane, Hai ma chi / Philippine Medicinal Herbs/Alternative Medicine. . Retrieved from:
http://stuartxchange.com/Dampalit